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Finite element analysis of mechanical and kinematicalignment approaches in total knee arthroplasty / Sélène Argyrakis 

Public ISBD Titre : Finite element analysis of mechanical and kinematicalignment approaches in total knee arthroplasty Type de document : Travail de fin d'études Auteurs : Sélène Argyrakis, Auteur ; Bernardo Innocenti, ; Miguel Ochoa, Editeur : ECAM Année de publication : 2022 Note générale : BEAMS Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : TFE - Ingénierie de la Santé Résumé : Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a medical procedure that aims to restore the functions of the knee by replacing it by an artificial joint. The main challenge for a successful TKA is to provide stability and restore the range of motion of the native knee. To achieve this, different approaches are commonly used by surgeons. The central matter of debate is the alignment, which is related to the tibial cut before inserting the tibial component of the prosthesis. Indeed, some surgeons cut the tibia perpendicular to the tibial plateau, which is called mechanical alignment, while others prefer to cut it with a 3° angle to rebuild the natural joint angle between the tibial plateau and the femoral condyles. This second approach is referred as kinematic alignment. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the alignment and the configuration affect the stress distribution and kinematics at two regions of interest: the tibiofemoral prosthesis interface and the prosthesis-bone interface. A finite element analysis was performed on four previously validated models under daily activities: walking and squat. The results expected should show which alignment and configuration are the best options in terms of stability and motion restitution. Finite element analysis of mechanical and kinematicalignment approaches in total knee arthroplasty [Travail de fin d'études] / Sélène Argyrakis, Auteur ; Bernardo Innocenti, ; Miguel Ochoa,  . - ECAM, 2022. BEAMS Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : TFE - Ingénierie de la Santé Résumé : Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a medical procedure that aims to restore the functions of the knee by replacing it by an artificial joint. The main challenge for a successful TKA is to provide stability and restore the range of motion of the native knee. To achieve this, different approaches are commonly used by surgeons. The central matter of debate is the alignment, which is related to the tibial cut before inserting the tibial component of the prosthesis. Indeed, some surgeons cut the tibia perpendicular to the tibial plateau, which is called mechanical alignment, while others prefer to cut it with a 3° angle to rebuild the natural joint angle between the tibial plateau and the femoral condyles. This second approach is referred as kinematic alignment. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the alignment and the configuration affect the stress distribution and kinematics at two regions of interest: the tibiofemoral prosthesis interface and the prosthesis-bone interface. A finite element analysis was performed on four previously validated models under daily activities: walking and squat. The results expected should show which alignment and configuration are the best options in terms of stability and motion restitution.

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Inverse kinematics, inverse dynamics and metabolic cost analyses in healthy individuals during split-belt treadmill walking at two different effort conditions using OpenSim / Barbara TCHOUMTA TOFEUN 

Public ISBD Titre : Inverse kinematics, inverse dynamics and metabolic cost analyses in healthy individuals during split-belt treadmill walking at two different effort conditions using OpenSim Type de document : Travail de fin d'études Auteurs : Barbara TCHOUMTA TOFEUN, Auteur ; Ahmed Alaa, ; Miguel Ochoa, Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : TFE - Ingénierie de la Santé Résumé : Background Split-belt treadmill walking has been demonstrated to improve walking symmetry in post-stroke patients in the short-term. Several studies have been performed in an attempt to optimize this paradigm for long-term gain in gait symmetry. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of making the split-belt treadmill walking task more effortful by adding a load on the individual performing the task. Hypothesis It is hypothesized that individuals would learn faster and show greater savings during the more effortful condition : with higher loads, participants would incur a higher metabolic cost and therefore, would tend to adjust their gait symmetry faster in order to reduce the metabolic cost incurred. Methods Inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics were performed to determine the differences in joint angles and moments during two different effort conditions. To this end, ten healthy adults participated in a split-belt treadmill walking task in high and low effort conditions during a motion capture experiment. The low and high effort conditions corresponded to a load of 5% and 15% of body weight respectively. Marker positions and force data were collected from motion capture and processed in OpenSim to determine the joint angles and joint moments. The Computed Muscle Control Tool in OpenSim was used to evaluate the metabolic costs. Results It is awaited that the joint angles and moments will differ between the two effort conditions and will correlate with the metabolic cost evaluated, in such a way that, there will be an improvement in learning during the high effort condition. Nevertheless, two other results are possible; either a worsening in learning during the more effortful condition or no change in learning during the more effortful condition. Significance It is expected that this study would provide useful information to rehabilitation practitioners on the worth of making the split-belt treadmill task more effortful and would allow investigation for a possible extension of this practice to patient population. Inverse kinematics, inverse dynamics and metabolic cost analyses in healthy individuals during split-belt treadmill walking at two different effort conditions using OpenSim [Travail de fin d'études] / Barbara TCHOUMTA TOFEUN, Auteur ; Ahmed Alaa, ; Miguel Ochoa,  . - [s.d.]. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : TFE - Ingénierie de la Santé Résumé : Background Split-belt treadmill walking has been demonstrated to improve walking symmetry in post-stroke patients in the short-term. Several studies have been performed in an attempt to optimize this paradigm for long-term gain in gait symmetry. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of making the split-belt treadmill walking task more effortful by adding a load on the individual performing the task. Hypothesis It is hypothesized that individuals would learn faster and show greater savings during the more effortful condition : with higher loads, participants would incur a higher metabolic cost and therefore, would tend to adjust their gait symmetry faster in order to reduce the metabolic cost incurred. Methods Inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics were performed to determine the differences in joint angles and moments during two different effort conditions. To this end, ten healthy adults participated in a split-belt treadmill walking task in high and low effort conditions during a motion capture experiment. The low and high effort conditions corresponded to a load of 5% and 15% of body weight respectively. Marker positions and force data were collected from motion capture and processed in OpenSim to determine the joint angles and joint moments. The Computed Muscle Control Tool in OpenSim was used to evaluate the metabolic costs. Results It is awaited that the joint angles and moments will differ between the two effort conditions and will correlate with the metabolic cost evaluated, in such a way that, there will be an improvement in learning during the high effort condition. Nevertheless, two other results are possible; either a worsening in learning during the more effortful condition or no change in learning during the more effortful condition. Significance It is expected that this study would provide useful information to rehabilitation practitioners on the worth of making the split-belt treadmill task more effortful and would allow investigation for a possible extension of this practice to patient population.

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